DNA Vectors
Vector Biolabs AAV-CMV-GFP (AAV-DJ) AAV (AAV/DJ-CMV-eGFP)
The AAV-DJ is a synthetic serotype made from DNA family shuffling of 8 wild type serotypes of AAV, including AAV2, 4, 5, 8, 9, avian, bovine and goat AAV. AAV-DJ outperformed standard AAV serotype 1-8 in cultured cells.This AAV-DJ stock expresses eGFP under a control of CMV promoter.
Vector Biolabs Interleukin 1, alpha Adenovirus (Ad-IL1(alpha))
The interleukins are a broad family of well characterized cytokines, primarily of hematopoietic cell origin. As new cytokines are molecularly characterized, they are assigned an IL number to maintain a standard nomenclature. The interleukins are secreted by immune cells (mainly macrophages, B-cells or T-cells) that regulate a wide range of immune system functions. The functions of different interleukins vary from regulation inflammatory and immune responses, functioning as autocrine factor and regulation and/or inhibition of other interleukins.
Vector Biolabs Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 Adenovirus (Ad-SOCS3)
This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene is induced by various cytokines, including IL6, IL10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene can bind to JAK2 kinase, and inhibit the activity of JAK2 kinase. Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested the roles of this gene in the negative regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis, and placental development.
Vector Biolabs NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (Drosophila) Adenovirus (Ad-NKX2.5/CSX)
The Nkx family of homeobox containing transcription factors are differentially expressed and regulate the production of tissue specific target genes. Some members of the Nkx family include TTF-1 (also designated Nkx-2.1), Nkx-2.2, Nkx-2.5 (also designated cardiac specific homeobox protein CSX), Nkx-2.6, Nkx-3.1, Nkx-3.2, Nkx-6.1 and Nkx-6.2. TTF-1 is primarily observed in adult thyroid and lung. Nkx-2.2 and Nkx-6.1 are required for pancreatic B-cell differentiation, and Nkx-2.5 and Nkx-2.6 are involved in normal cardiac development. Nkx-3.1 is predominantly expressed in developing and adult prostate tissue.
Vector Biolabs AAV-CMV-iCre (AAV8) AAV (AAV8-iCre)
Cre recombinase is used as a tool to genetically modify genes, such as to delete a segment of DNA flanked by LoxP sites in cells or experimental animals. By applying the mammalian codon usage to Cre recombinase, expression of Cre is improved in the mammalian cells. This improved Cre (iCre) gene also reduce the high CpG content of the prokaryotic coding sequence, thereby reducing the chances of epigenetic silencing in mammals.This AAV-DJ/8 stock expresses an improved Cre (iCre) driven by one CMV promoter
Vector Biolabs Histone deacetylase 4 Adenovirus (Ad-HDAC4)
In the intact cell, DNA closely associates with histones and other nuclear proteins to form chromatin. The remodeling of chromatin is a critical process in transcriptional regulation, and a major source of this remodeling is brought about by the acetylation of nucleosomal histones. Acetylation of lysine residues in the N-terminal tail domain of histone results in an allosteric change in the nucleosomal conformation and an increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. Conversely, the deacetylation of histones is associated with transcriptional silencing. Mammalian nuclear histone acetylases include GCN5, PCAF (p300/CBP-associated factor), HAT1, MOF, HBO, MOZ, MORF and TIP60.1.
Vector Biolabs AAV-CreERT2 (AAV serotype 9) AAV (AAV9-CreERT2)
A mutated form of estrogen ligand-binding domain (ERT2) that binds to synthetic antagonists (such as tamoxifen or its derivative 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen) but not to circulating estrogens was fused to the Cre recombinase (Cre) to create the CreERT2, which requires the presence of tamoxifen for Cre recombinase activity. Therefore it makes possible to induce the recombination in cells with tamoxifen.This AAV-9 virus expresses CreERT2 under a CMV promoter.
Vector Biolabs human SIRT1 shRNA Adenovirus (Ad-h-SIRT1-shRNA)
This is an pre-made gene silencing adenovirus that expresses a shRNA to knockdown human SIRT 1 gene. The shRNA expression is driven by an U6 promoter.
The knockdown of this human gene was validated by qPCR in A549 cells.
Vector Biolabs vascular endothelial growth factor D Adenovirus (Ad-VEGF-D)
The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include FGF, PDGF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D (or FIGF), EG-VEGF and placenta growth factor (PlGF). VEGF-D undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms which bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. This protein is structurally and functionally similar to vascular endothelial growth factor C.
Vector Biolabs AAV-RFP-iCre (AAV1) AAV (AAV1-RFP-iCre)
Cre recombinase is used as a tool to genetically modify genes, such as to delete a segment of DNA flanked by LoxP sites in cells or experimental animals.By applying the mammalian codon usage to Cre recombinase, expression of Cre is improved in the mammalian cells. This improved Cre (iCre) gene also reduce the high CpG content of the prokaryotic coding sequence, thereby reducing the chances of epigenetic silencing in mammals.This AAV1 stock expresses an improved Cre (iCre) along with a RFP under a control of the same CMV promoter. The Cre and RFP was separated by a 2A peptides.
Vector Biolabs FLAG tagged CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease RGD-fiber modified Adenovirus (Ad(RGD)-mCherry-FLAG-hCas9)
The Type II prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas system is the new class of tools for targeted genome engineering. The cas9 nucleases derived from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-cas systems uses small RNAs as guides (gRNA) to cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner. With its ease in designing guide sequences to target specific genomic loci, the CRISPR/Cas system is a much simpler, faster, and robust alternative to TALEN and Zinc finger nuclease platforms. For site-specific genome editing, the CRISPR/Cas9 system requires the Cas 9 nuclease and the gRNA. This RGD-fiber modified adenovirus expresses a codon-optimized Cas9 nuclease with N-terminal FLAG tag and a mCherry reporter. It can be used along with guided RNA for genome-editing in cells that regular Ad5 doesn't infect well, including human or mouse macrophages, ES cells, T cells, synoviocytes, certain fibroblast and islet grafts etc.
Vector Biolabs p21/CDKN1A Adenovirus (Ad-CMV-p21)
p21/CDKN1A is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. It is a key effector of cellular senescence downstream of the tumor suppressor p53. p21 binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-CDK2 or -CDK4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1. The expression of p21/CDKN1A is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53, through which this protein mediates the p53-dependent cell cycle G1 phase arrest in response to a variety of stress stimuli. P21 can interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA polymerase accessory factor, and plays a regulatory role in S phase DNA replication and DNA damage repair. This protein was reported to be specifically cleaved by CASP3-like caspases, which thus leads to a dramatic activation of CDK2, and may be instrumental in the execution of apoptosis following caspase activation.
Vector Biolabs DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 2 Adenovirus (Ad-DNMT2)
Methylation of DNA contributes to the regulation of gene transcription in eukaryotic systems. DNA methylation is predominantly found on cytosine residues that are present in dinucleotide motifs consisting of a 5' cytosine followed by a guanosine (CpG), and it requires the enzymatic activity of the DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) enzymes, which include Dnmt1, 2, 3a, 3b and 3c. The methyl-CpG binding (MBD) proteins MBD1, MBD2, MBD3 and MBD4 and MeCP2, which are primarily expressed in somatic tissues, bind to methyl-CpG rich domains and mediate the transcriptional inhibition associated with DNA methylation. Clusters of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, called CpG islands, also contribute to the modulation of gene expression by binding transcription factors. Human CpG binding protein (CGBP) is a widely expressed 88 kDa member of the CpG binding protein family that requires a CpG dinucleotide to bind unmethylated DNA, where it functions as a transcriptional activator.
Vector Biolabs caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa Adenovirus (Ad-Caveolin-1)
The scaffolding protein encoded by this gene is the main component of the caveolae plasma membranes found in most cell types. The protein links integrin subunits to the tyrosine kinase FYN, an initiating step in coupling integrins to the Ras-ERK pathway and promoting cell cycle progression. The gene is a tumor suppressor gene candidate and a negative regulator of the Ras-p42/44 MAP kinase cascade. CAV1 and CAV2 are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex. By using alternative initiation codons in the same reading frame, two isoforms (alpha and beta) are encoded by a single transcript from this gene.
Vector Biolabs Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha Adenovirus (Ad-CaMKII(alpha))
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) compose a structurally related subfamily of serine/threonine kinases. Members of this family include phosphorylase kinase, myosin light chain kinases (MLCKs) and CaM kinases (CaMKs) I, II, III and IV. Of these, CaMKII comprises of four distinct subunits, alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Upstream regulators of CaMKI and CaMKIV, designated CaMKK and CaMKK(beta), function to activate CaMKI by specific phosphorylation at threonine 177. MLCK isoforms include non-muscle MLCK, smooth muscle MLCK and skeletal muscle MLCK (MLCKSK).